When cells grow out of control, cancer develops. Cancerous cells can arise in any part of the body and spread (metastasize) to other parts.
Bone cancer is a rare disease that develops when cells in the bone begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably. Knowing a little about normal bone tissue can help you understand bone cancer.
Most bones begin as cartilage, which is a softer, more flexible tissue that later transforms into bones. Adults have cartilage at the ends of several bones.
The in-depth details of bone cancer types are elaborated here by dr Viraj Borgaonkar who is the Cancer doctor in Aurangabad at Krupamayi Cancer Hospital Aurangabad.
There are two types of cells in the bone.
● Osteoblasts – cells that are responsible for the formation of new bone
● Osteoclasts –cells that break down old bone
Bones may appear to be static, but they are really active. While old bone dissolves, new bone is constantly developing. This aids in the maintenance of strong bones. Plasma cells and fibroblasts are among the other cells found in the bone marrow.
Any of these bone cells has the potential to become cancerous. Primary Bone Cancers vs. Bone Metastasis Primary bone cancers are cancers that start in the bones. In most cases of people with any type of bone cancer, cancer begins elsewhere and then spreads to the bones:
this is known as bone metastasis, and it can result from a variety of advanced cancers such as breast, lung, and prostate cancer. If you look at cancer cells in the bone under a microscope, you’ll notice that they look just like cancer cells in the organ from whence they came.
Types Of Primary Bone Cancers
Bone sarcomas are primary bone cancers (cancers that start in the bone itself).
Primary bone cancer comes in a variety of forms, some of which are rare.
1. OSTEOSARCOMA
The most frequent type of primary bone cancer is osteosarcoma (also known as osteogenic sarcoma). It begins in the early stages of bone cells and is more common in young individuals aged 10 to 30, whereas roughly 1 in 10 osteosarcomas develop in persons aged 60 and up it is extremely rare in middle-aged adults and is more common in men. These primarily affect the bones of the arms, legs, and pelvis. Ewing tumor (Ewing sarcoma)
These are the second and third most prevalent types of primary bone cancer in children, teens, and young adults, respectively. These are uncommon in adults over the age of 30. The majority of Ewing tumors begin in the bones, although they can also begin in other tissues or organs. The hip (pelvic) bones, the bones in the chest wall (the ribs or shoulder blades), the bones of the spine, and the long bones of the legs are the most prevalent sites for malignancy.
2. CHONDROSARCOMA
Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequent primary bone cancer, starting in the early stages of cartilage cells. Chondrosarcoma is rare in people under the age of 20, and the risk increases with age. Chondrosarcomas can start anywhere that has cartilage. Some start in the trachea, larynx, chest wall, shoulder blades, ribs, or skull, while others start in the trachea, larynx, chest wall, shoulder blades, ribs, or skull.
3. HIGH-GRADE UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (UPS) OF BONE :
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the bone was the prior name for this disease. UPS (undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma) is a type of sarcoma that begins in the soft tissues (connective tissues like ligaments, tendons, fat, and muscle). It’s less common in bones, but when it happens, it usually affects the legs (especially around the knees) or arms. This cancer primarily affects the elderly and middle-aged people, and it is
extremely uncommon in youngsters. It usually grows locally, although it can occasionally spread to other sections of the body.
4. FIBROSARCOMA OF BONE
Another type of bone cancer that affects soft tissues rather than bones frequently strikes middle-aged people. The legs, arms, and mouth are the most commonly affected bones.
5. GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE
These cancers are most frequent in adults in their 20s and 30s, and they can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The legs (generally near the knees) or arms are the most common sites for giant cell bone tumors. They rarely spread to other regions of the body, but they can reoccur
(even more than once) in the same location after surgery. The tumor becomes more likely to spread to other places of the body with each recurrence (most often to the lungs). A malignant giant cell bone tumor will almost never spread to other regions of the body without first reoccurring locally.
6. CHORDOMA
This rare bone tumor develops in the bones of the spine, most commonly in the sacrum (bottom of the spine) or the base of the skull. It primarily affects individuals over the age of 30, is twice as frequent in men as it is in women, and only very rarely affects youngsters. Chordomas grow slowly and do not spread to other regions of the body; however, if they are not entirely eliminated, they frequently reappear in the same location.
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